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The Chesapeake Bay

Frontline: Poisoned Waters - Bay Bridge - 336x252 Frontline: Poisoned Waters - blue crab - 336x252

A few years ago when the crab catch at the end of my pier on the Magothy River was looking pretty skimpy, some friends told me that the Bay was in trouble...

— Hedrick Smith

Hedrick Smith is familiar to WETA viewers from his 20 years as an anchor panelist on Washington Week in Review. His newest program is Poisoned Waters, a two-hour FRONTLINE investigative report on the Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound, two of his favorite places.

Below is a letter he wrote to WETA viewers and listeners about the concerns that drove him to produce Poisoned Waters, a program of special interest to all of us who live, work, or play alongside the Bay.

What do you think? Please add your comments and be sure to watch on WETA 26 and WETA HD when the program is broadcast. You can also watch the full episode anytime online.

Dear Friend of WETA:

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I'm a sailor, a crabber, a swimmer, a hiker, and sometimes a poor fisherman. I've spent a lot of time over the past 30 years on the Chesapeake Bay. I love the water – its beauty, its calm, its majesty… and those magical moments when you feel at peace… and in harmony with nature.

And so a few years ago when the crab catch at the end of my pier on the Magothy river was looking pretty skimpy and some friends told me that the Bay was in trouble, I thought that maybe it was worth my looking it as a reporter and not just someone who lived on the Bay and lived off its pleasures.

I had no idea what I was getting into or what I would discover. But after 18 months of reporting and film-making on Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound, another of my favorite places to while away the time, I have come away dismayed. As a guy with eight grandchildren, I am now worried that they and their children are not going to be able to survive on this planet unless we older folks change the way we are destroying and raping Mother Nature without realizing what we are doing.

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Pollution has slipped off America's radar screen. The environment doesn't get much attention from the media or from any of us when we fall in the grip of fear about terrorism or the collapsing economy. But we ignore it at our own peril. Pollution is a ticking time bomb. It is a cancer eating away at precious water resources that are literally vital to our very survival – and we barely notice the grave we are digging for ourselves.

Under the Clean Water Act, places like Chesapeake Bay, Puget Sound, the Great Lakes or the Everglades were supposed to be fishable and swimmable by 1983. Well, here we are 25 years past that deadline, and we are not remotely close to success.

In my new PBS Frontline documentary, Poisoned Waters, we tell the stories of Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound as case studies. But what we say about them could be told about the Great Lakes, the Everglades, Gulf of Mexico and the rest.

Consider this: Dead zones now occupy 40% of the main stem of the Chesapeake in summertime – and dead zones are underwater regions where not a single crab, or an oyster, or a fish or even a blade of precious bottom grass can live because dead zones are bereft of oxygen. Dead zones aren't just a Chesapeake Bay problem. They are a global problem. Every ten years, dead zones are doubling in size and number around the world. In the Gulf of Mexico, there's a dead zone that is as large as the state of Massachusetts.

Frontline: Poisoned Waters -- horiz 4x3

And what causes dead zones? Excess nitrogen and phosphorous runoff in the water that causes masses of algae to bloom, and when it dies, algae sinks to the bottom and sucks all the oxygen out of the water. Here on the Chesapeake, the main sources of all that excess nitrogen and phosphorous are the cattle farms along the Susquehanna River in southern Pennsylvania and the chicken farms on Bay's East Shore (DelMarVa) that produce 1.5 billion pounds of manure every year. That's more manure than the human waste from four major cities – New York, Washington, San Francisco and Atlanta – put together. The human waste gets treated; the animal waste doesn't. Not just a problem on the Chesapeake but from hog farms in the Carolinas and Iowa, cattle farms in Wisconsin poultry farms in Arkansas and Texas.

Pollution today is greatly changed from the 1970s when we celebrated our first big Earth Day and the EPA was moving mountains. Then we saw the problem as a bunch of big polluters. We could see, smell and touch the ugly green beds of algae floating on the Potomac river.

Today, some of the worst pollution is invisible. The water looks okay, but science tells us it is not.

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Take for example, our drinking water. By and large, people have little idea what's in their drinking water. Here in DC, the worry is about lead. But that doesn't scratch the surface of the problem. The U.S. Geological Survey has been testing rivers and drinking water systems all over the country, including the Potomac River right at the intake for the Washington Aqueduct that supplies tap and drinking water to a million or more people in the DC area. U.S.G.S. teams found some 85 worrisome chemical compounds on their watchlist in the water entering into the Washington Aqueduct and two-thirds of them got through the filters and into the tap water for homes, businesses and government offices in the DC area.

Scientists at the National Institute for Environmental Health Studies and Johns Hopkins University's School of Public Health tell us these chemicals and others include endocrine disrupters that kill fish, cause mutations among frogs, and threaten human health, raising the risks of breast cancer among women, lower sperm count among men, and male genital anomalies among infants. Pretty worrisome stuff. And this is not just a problem on the Potomac River. The U.S.G.S. study found the same thing in tests all around the country.

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So you can see why I'm worried about my grandchildren.

If you want to know more about our waters and water supplies, and you want to see what I saw and learn what I learned on my journey around our great coastal estuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound – not just the scary stuff but also the good stories about what some people have done to control pollution and improve our environment, come join me on Poisoned Waters on April 21, the eve of Earth Day.

Celebrate the environment by learning more about it. Believe me, it'll make you want to do something to get us all back on track.

Best to all,
Hedrick Smith

Hedrick Smith is familiar to WETA viewers from his 20 years as an anchor panelist on Washington Week in Review. He's a former New York Times Washington Bureau Chief, author of bestselling books like The Russians and The Power Game: How Washington Works, and creator of nearly 50 hours of PBS documentaries. His newest program is Poisoned Waters, a two-hour FRONTLINE investigative report on the Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound, two of his favorite places.

Comments

So sad

Thanks for printing this piece. Having lived in the Washington, DC area for most of my life, I've heard a lot about the deterioration of the Bay ecosystem over the years but, admittedly, don't really know much about it. I look forward to the program.

As a D.C. resident who is

As a D.C. resident who is afraid to drink the tap water, I would like to thank you for taking action and producing this documentary.

I too would not prefer to

I too would not prefer to drink this 'new world water'

Some Things I Do

As I sit here with my seasonal water view of Saltworks Creek, which flows into the Severn, I want to mention some less common things I do to walk softly here:
We compost all our non meat waste and sift it into our small herb/veg garden and two sour cherry tree orchard. Meat scraps are sifted into the neighbor's ever helpful and dutiful dog.
We butcher locally harvested deer donated from hunters who are not hypocrites like us and kill them. I take them from from field dressed (hopefully) to good meals in the form of sausage, stews or grilled steaks. We bury the inedible bits deeply in the woods, with respect and an element of sadness. These 3 animals per year remove a bit of the animal waste and lyme disease from our area and feed us organic free range low cholesterol meat.
I can and freeze fruit from farms in my county. Last year, I put up about 50 quarts of local produce. We eat much of it fresh, of course, when it is in season. Locavor eating means working hard during harvest season to preserve the bounty. I teach canning, freezing and dehydrating to my neighbors.
We have no lawn. The garden is in the only sunny area, and forest shades the ground cover on the rest of our valley wall.
We burn local dead wood in an airtight EPA certified wood stove to help reduce our central heating costs. Splitting wood is wonderful for a woman in her 50s to tone and firm that which needs toning and firming. I use a piston hammer manual splitter that doesn't require swinging a maul. My small electric chain saw is sharp and light weight enough for a mature woman to handle safely, if she follows the laws of chain saws.
We use our antique skills of fixing and refinishing to keep socks darned, coffee maker gaskets replaced, clothing mended, insulating roman shades sewn, etc.
I drive a wee gasoline powered car with a manual shift that gets 42 MPH in the city.
We get our septic tank pumped out every 5 years.
We use low water laundry equipment.
These things are both our duty to our community and they improve our lives. Who would have thought that our old fashoned Midwestern farm upbringing would be both ethical and save some much money decades later on the edge of the Chesapeake Bay.

Great job!

If more people were like you, we wouldn't be in this mess. You are an inspiration.

Chicken factory farms

I hope the film tonight addresses one of the least discussed sources of Chesapeake Bay pollution- the huge number of chicken factory farms, run by Tyson, Purdue and the like, that operate in the DelMarVa area. On chicken factory farms, also known as CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations), tens of thousands of chickens, or sometimes turkeys, are warehoused in huge sheds and the large quantities of excrement they produce is released into our waterways. But because these are huge corporations we're dealing with, few politicians want to try to make them clean up their act. People concerned about the health of the bay can help by boycotting factory farmed poultry products. A vegetarian diet is both more humane and more environmentally friendly. Or at least consider only buying poultry products from small free range operations.

Translational Research

I am interested in developing and applying biotechnology to addressing the problems of the bay. I am aware of the progress gained from sewage treatment using biologic nutrient removal (BNR), however there are several biotechnology approaches that can assist in restoring the health of the esturary.

I would enjoy working with regulators and local agencies to:
- develop bay grass species capable of coping with environmental stress.
- applying biotechology to address agricultural waste with on-site remediation strategies

Excellent and very important show - Thank you.

Thanks for covering so many facets of the challenges we face to keep water clean. With increased population the old ways of getting rid of waste don't work anymore. Trouble is that's been true for a long time. It's helpful to see that political figures on the right side have their lives literally threatened by constituents. It shows how important good and open communications are. Your message is really important. Hopefully you'll produce a show in the near future covering some of the baby steps in successful pollution prevention which are now taking place, mainly done by young environmental engineers. There's no scientific tooth fairy who will leave a solution under our pillow as we sleep, but there are reasons to be optimistic and devote significant efforts to the challenge.

residential wastes - solid or liquid disposal?

I make at least a moderate effort to help the environment by saving my paper, glass and plastic trash and then walking them to my development's recycle bins (only one bin location for three separate 63 condo unit buildings), although I have some difficulty walking. Recycle is not mandatory here.

But I am unsure of what to do with my nitrogen-rich organic wastes. Should I use my garbage disposal or throw it down the garbage chute?

Is it better for me to use disposable plates or use my dishwasher?

Are surface products containing ethynol as a solvent less harmful than ones that do not claim to be "green"?

Are antibacterial soaps and detergents more harmful to the environment than ones that don't contain those products?

Fish Farms

I know now a lot of places are trying to rebuild our Oceanic supplies with fish farms. However, some of those are getting shut down because they are creating a good amount of waste as well. We need a good plan of attack!

Chesapeake Bay

Chesapeake Bay is indeed a magnificent place. I have visited once during my trip to Virginia. I was amazed by the naturally beauty of the area. I did some travelling around the bay and it was incredible. I am looking forward to visiting the area in the near future.

Brad

Excellent work and pretty sad to see what is going on

Keep fighting

Keep Up the good work

It's so sad to see what we do to our planet but it is so encouraging to see people fighting for the cause.

Keep up the campaign

Unfortunately it shows the sorry state of of the times with the I want it now attitude and very little thought being given to the consequences of their actions.

definitely smaller crabs

I remember going crabbing in the mid'70's and catching some fairly good sized crabs. I don't see the same anymore. It is really unfortunate. Thanks for sharing your thoughts and insight Hedrick.

Planet in Peril

Truly this is a planet in peril. As the writer stated pollution is off the radar. People are so consumed with themselves and mere convience that they don't realize how we are killing our ownselves while destroying the planet.

Good to see...

Good to see you've taken such an active interest in your local bay, and hopefully others will also be inspired to look at their local waterways and help improve the water quality.

Damage to our Planet

It is so disappointing to see what we do to planet earth. It is however encouraging that like myself people are prepared to fight the battle!

Kirsty x

Save the bay

This is a bit sad, the whole story with the Bay. it is important to keep hopes up... and fight for the future of our kids.

Water is everything

I try not to drink tap water. The question is, how safe is the bottled water?

We are killing our lakes and rivers and I don't how we plan to stay on this planet for much longer if we keep doing what we've been doing.

hello

I found your blog on google and read a few of your other posts. I just added you to my Google News Reader. Keep up the good work. Look forward to reading more from you in the future.

How can we get things moving

How can we get things moving as consumers and residents? Obviously action needs to take place but where do we begin? In some cities in California they give the residents recycling bins. Is there some kind of system we could implement like this around the rest of the country?

Chesapeake bay is one

Chesapeake bay is one aesthetic place if we take a deep calm observation while relaxing on its shores. It's so sad that some do not put a bit of care to make it as such for generations to come. I hope that strong efforts could persuade many to take its condition back to the era when its surroundings are devoid of urban settings. Rick

So sad, this is a very

So sad, this is a very beatiful place and deserves an effort to save it, it a shame the people are getting places like this in to the death.

Damaged Planet

At least we may consider buying poultry products only from small free range operations. You are an inspiration

Our False

We are too slow to curb this problem. If we do not move fast, we'll lost everything

Free Our Planet

Water quality is so important, i love it when people look after thir local issues, we certainly do not want to loose out on this, we need better operations, and sites such as this are really helping.

It is really sad to hear

It is really sad to hear this is going on. I must admit I watch much less TV now and many times miss stories like this that I would have otherwise seen. As a Realtor I am sensitive to environmental issues as they are part of my daily experience when I am working for a client in finding a home. Hopefully on a local as well as national there will be more attention paid to this kind of environmental issue.

It is so disappointing to

It is so disappointing to see what is going on in our planet. We are destroying the Earth. I think we all agree with you that pollution is a ticking time bomb. Our government doesn’t pay much attention to this global problem. We must do something immediately. We must try to help out the earth in some ways. Thanks for a very useful article!

Lucky me

"I try not to drink tap water. The question is, how safe is the bottled water?"

Im lucky to live in a country where tap water is cleaner than bottled water, but unfortunately most of the worlds people arent that lucky.

Tap water

Most of us try not to drink tap water but a few months ago seen a report on TV showing that most of the mineral water comes origanly from tap water

I completely agree

I completely agree with "Pollution has slipped off America's radar screen. The environment doesn't get much attention from the media or from any of us when we fall in the grip of fear about terrorism or the collapsing economy." It is really bad.

I Agree

You're right we really need to do something to stop all the pollution and help the future generations. Governments need to start realising what a hugh problem this is and do more to help.

Those colours

That blue on the crab looks amazing.

Something does need done

Pollution needs to be kept in check and legislation needs to be put into place to protect not just the crabs but the environment for the future of our children.

I remember being on a small island called ascention islands and seeing thousands of land crabs of numerous colors and it was a fantastic site seeing them migrate across the island.

And also the site of turtles on the beach at night and dolphins off the coast... This is something that i would also like my children and grand children to see..

Everyone Needs To Be Involved

It really is a shame that such pollution has been allowed to continue for so long. Why?

It will take a long time to repair the damage, though it may be too late for some things. I hope more people will become actively involved in cleaning all polluted areas (unfortunately this area isn't the only mess we have). And be proactive by being cleaner in the future. Stop pollution before it happens.

Thanks

Thanks for this blog....and I love that blue crab lol

Ok

I totally agree that "Today, some of the worst pollution is invisible. The water looks okay, but science tells us it is not. "
You are right on this.

Thanks for this blog....and

Thanks for this blog....and I love that blue crab.Looks amazing

All this pollution needs to stop

All this pollution needs to stop. I want to have a nice planet for my kids!

Of all the places I've been

Of all the places I've been into, Chesapeake Bay is among the shortlist of destinations that I would want to go back. I've got myself indulged with seafood at various restaurants around the bay. I think I downed at least 20 juicy crabs during my 4 days in there. Can't wait to have another round of feasting with seafood. Alvin

This is like home

I am from Japan originally. This place reminds me of home somehow.

Wow, I did not know that

Wow, I did not know that every ten years, dead zones are doubling in size and number around the world!! The more educated we are the better then planet around us.

Destroying our environment

It's so sad to see us systematically destroying our environment. I feel it will be too late before governments rate the issues highly enough.

oh my...

I am rather young: 35 years old. During my relatively short live, I've seen the environment change drastically. Fish isn't abundant anyome in the river where I used to fish as a young kid, it has been replaced by floating crap: ciraretter, plastic bags, etc...

And now we have very weird winters up here, both very cold and very warm, LOTS of snow, and tornadoes destroying multiple houses during the summer (a phenomenon we weren't seeing just a couple years ago).

Our planet is changing fast and it is probably too late. I often tell myself: Why have kids if it is to give them a life in a world like this?

Government just doesn't know what to do. We enjoy our comfort, we enjoy our two cars our house and all the toxic products we use to keep it clean. As soon as the humankind disapears, this planet will start to feel better. It is sad, but true.

Jack Smith

Not only you Sir, it is

Not only you Sir, it is worrying for everyone yet politicians are not tackling it enough the way they should be, take for instance the decision of Wars, they take it instantly and send troops and fight wars within few days but when it comes to environment and tackling Global Warming and pollution they call meetings, conferences, set targets, take a decision now! It's already too late for the environment. But still I feel our generation will survive it, I am positive about it but as far as the whole Earth is concerned, I am worried as well.

Regards

Ryan Mathys (Ocean Beach real estate)

I hope as well that the film

I hope as well that the film tonight addresses one of the least discussed sources of Chesapeake Bay pollution- the huge number of chicken factory farms, run by Tyson, Purdue and the like, that operate in the DelMarVa area. On chicken factory farms, also known as CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations), tens of thousands of chickens, or sometimes turkeys, are warehoused in huge sheds and the large quantities of excrement they produce is released into our waterways. But because these are huge corporations we're dealing with, few politicians want to try to make them clean up their act. People concerned about the health of the bay can help by boycotting factory farmed poultry products. A vegetarian diet is both more humane and more environmentally friendly. Or at least consider only buying poultry products from small free range operations.

Algae effects

The massive increase in Europe into intensive farming and organic too cause real problems any concentration of live stock, even using organic methods will produce organic run off and Algae blooms. the biggest problems in the uk are related to estuaries where the organic waste becomes concentrated as the rivers slow and spread out giving time for the waste to settle.

Thanks

Thanks for giving us so very important information about Chesapeake Bay and it also makes us sad to know that how we are destroying our environment and I also hope that more of us would be active to the cause why this blog is really posted that is stop pollution.

Wow!

"dead zones are underwater regions where not a single crab, or an oyster, or a fish or even a blade of precious bottom grass can live because dead zones are bereft of oxygen. "

Wow, I had no idea those even existed...

That is really really sad, and discouraging.

I'm glad I know now... but I don't want to know at the same time... ya know? :(

Sean

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